Tag: probate avoidance

Using Trust Protectors to Maximize Estate Plan Flexibility

January 29, 2012 /

I’m the type of person who genuinely believes anything can be done.  And as a Grand Rapids, MI estate planning attorney I bring that same attitude to helping craft caring estate plans for wonderful West Michigan families.  How?  Flexibility.  That’s right – not the standard form document that seems to try and wedge your family into whatever box is the “standard,” but rather a plan that let’s you share your goals, aspirations, hopes, values, experiences and stories, and makes it a reality.  One of the biggest “wishes” is that a plan will be flexible enough to handle changed circumstances throughout life.  One incredibly powerful tool used to accomplish this is a trust protector.

Trust protectors (aka Trust Advisors) have long been used in British Commonwealth countries, originating with offshore asset protection trusts. With these trusts, their role was limited mostly to overseeing the foreign trustee and to make sure the trust maker’s intent was fulfilled.

Today, trust protectors are increasingly being used with trusts that are located here in Michigan. And, while their main job is still to oversee the trustee and make sure your intentions are followed after unforeseen changes in the law and other matters, they can be given additional duties that will provide you and your beneficiaries with added flexibility, security and peace of mind.

What is a Trust Protector?
A trust protector is someone you name in your trust agreement to oversee your trustee and make sure your trust carries on in the way you intended. This should be a trusted friend or advisor, someone who knows and understands your motives, family values and desires when you created your trust. In the case of a trust that will last many years, like a multi-generational trust, a trust protector is often an institution rather than a specific person.

A trust protector can begin to act immediately (for example, if your trust is irrevocable), or can take an active role only under certain circumstances (for example, at your incapacity or death). Think of your trust protector as your substitute, someone who can speak for you if there is uncertainty in interpreting your trust’s instructions, or the law changes and that change affects your trust. Your trust protector also can provide guidance for the trustee and protect your beneficiaries from a trustee that is not meeting its responsibilities, is overreaching, or is unresponsive.

How Much Power Should You Give Your Trust Protector?
The trust protector’s duties and powers are defined in the trust document, and can range from extremely limited to extremely broad. How much power you give your trust protector is completely up to you. Traditionally, the trust protector’s role has been a defensive one: to ensure that the trustee carries out the trustmaker’s wishes and to protect the beneficiaries from an under-performing or over-reaching trustee. But if you give your trust protector more power, the role can become a proactive one, allowing your trust protector to act before wrongs occur.

Some of the duties and powers you can give your trust protector include:

Oversee, Remove and Replace the Trustee
Your trust protector can oversee your trustee, providing guidance in interpreting your trust’s instructions and holding the trustee accountable. You can also give your trust protector the power to remove and replace the trustee. This authority can be restrictive, limited to specific bad behavior by the trustee that can include being unresponsive to the beneficiaries, not providing acceptable record-keeping, reporting and tax filings, or charging too much for services. The authority can also be extensive, allowing the trust protector to remove and replace the trustee for no specific reason (without cause). Usually potential replacements (successor trustees) are named in the trust agreement, but it may also be possible for the trust protector to select a successor trustee.

Just having these oversight provisions in place is often enough to keep a trustee in line. And if it does become necessary to remove a trustee, it is much easier for the trust protector to do this (because he or she already has the authority) than for the beneficiaries to reach an agreement and ask for court removal, which is a time-consuming, expensive and unpleasant procedure.

You can also allow your trust protector to control spending by the trustee, and even limit the trustee’s compensation, which can go a long way toward preventing disputes.

Resolve Disputes
You can also make your trust protector the mediator if disputes should arise between co-trustees, between the trustee and a beneficiary, or even among beneficiaries. Having the trust protector as the final arbiter in disputes over interpreting the provisions of the trust document can sometimes avoid costly and unpleasant trust litigation.

You could even give your trust protector the ability to sue or defend lawsuits involving the trust assets.

Modify Your Estate Plan
You may also want to allow your trust protector to actually make some changes to your trust. For example, you could allow your trust protector to change the situs (location in which the trust is regulated) to a state that has more favorable asset protection or income tax laws, should the need arise.

You could also give your trust protector the power to amend or revoke the trust agreement, in its entirety or in part; to add or delete specific beneficiaries or classes of beneficiaries; or to change the terms of distributions to beneficiaries. These powers may be extremely beneficial to the trust’s ability to follow your intentions as tax laws change, as well as to protect the assets from potential predators and creditors.

Delegate Responsibilities among Advisors
Traditionally, and still with many trusts, the trustee handles everything – recordkeeping, tax returns, distributions, investing, etc. But over time, people have discovered that it is beneficial to allocate some of this responsibility to different parties that have different strengths. 

Consider giving your trust protector the ability to appoint, oversee and substitute other professionals. For example, the management of your trust could be divided like this:

  • An Administrative Trustee maintains trust records, accounts, and tax returns. If the trust is governed by laws in a different state (often for tax or asset protection reasons), the administrator will usually be a local institution or professional.
  • A Distribution Trustee or Adviser that has discretion and can make or withhold distributions from the trust to the beneficiaries. Typically this will be an objective third party, which insulates the trustee from pressure and liability associated with the power to distribute trust assets. This is especially important if a beneficiary’s creditor tries to force distributions from the trust.
  • An Investment Trustee or Adviser oversees or directs trust investments, and may be granted specific powers, including: to hold, maintain or cancel life insurance; to direct the sale or exchange of property; and to open, manage and close accounts. A general trustee is held to the prudent investment standard because of its fiduciary duty and, as a result, has restrictions on the investments it can make. Having an investment advisor that is not bound by the prudent investor rule or held to the same standard will provide more flexibility in investments.
  • The “General” Trustee handles everything that is not delegated.

Who Should Serve as Trust Protector?
Ideally, your trust protector should be someone who knows you, your motives, desires, and intentions when you established your trust. It cannot be you or a family member who is a beneficiary of your trust because of possible tax complications. An unrelated third party – a family friend, an advisor, the attorney who drafted your trust, or your family CPA – is often the best choice. They obviously must be willing to serve in this capacity, and your trust agreement should specify if they are to be paid for their services.

Who Should Have the Power to Remove or Replace the Trust Protector?
This probably should not be you, unless the replacement is explicitly limited in the document to someone who is not related or subordinate to you. You could possibly give this power to the beneficiaries or an unrelated third party. Leaving this decision to the courts would be time-consuming and costly.

If your plan has asset protection elements, no beneficiary should have the power to remove or replace the trust protector. Doing so could cause your trust to be under the control of a beneficiary and that could put the entire asset protection part of your plan in jeopardy.

Conclusion
The use of trust protectors is an excellent way to provide added flexibility, security and peace of mind in trust planning, especially since you can control how much power the trust protector is given. If you would like to discuss adding a trust protector to your estate planning, please call our office. We are ready to help.

Michael Lichterman is an estate planning and business planning attorney who helps families and business owners create a lasting legacy by planning for their Whole Family Wealth™.  This goes beyond merely planning for finances – it’s about who your are and what’s important to you.  He focuses on estate and asset protection planning for  the “experienced” generation, the “sandwich generation” (caring for parents and children), doctors/physicians, nurses, lawyers, dentists, professionals with minor children, family owned businesses and pet planning.  He takes the “counselor” part of attorney and counselor at law very seriously, and enjoys creating life long relationships with his clients – many of which have become great friends.

My First Legal Zoom “Estate Plan” Review

September 18, 2011 /

Well, this past week I reviewed my first “estate plan” from legal zoom.  I’ve read about others’ reviews.  In fact, I even referenced an article on do-it-yourself planning in a previous blog post.  This, however, was my first look at a legal zoom estate plan for a potential client who wanted me to review it.  I have to give this person a lot of credit for being willing to have it reviewed.  To not just assume that everything was right (like many people), and to have an open and honest discussion about what it was . . . and more importantly, what it was not.

I’m not going to detail every question I had, every shortcoming of the plan and everything that was not how my potential client wanted it to be.  To do that would take far too much time and you wouldn’t want to read all of it anyway.  Instead, I will highlight a few of the items.  To be fair, these are not just my thoughts as an estate planning attorney.  Each of these items is something the potential client wanted changed because it didn’t work how he wanted it to.  But how would he have known that while filling out the legal zoom questionnaire?  He wouldn’t . . . more on that later.

Here are the biggest issues we came across while discussing the Legal Zoom “estate plan:”

  1. It wasn’t a comprehensive plan – it was just a living trust and a pour-over will.  At a minimum, he should have also had a financial power of attorney and a healthcare power of attorney.  Although the powers of attorney are important in every estate plan, they are particularly important in this gentleman’s situation due to his health condition.  Sure, it could be that he chose only the trust/will combination while going through the Legal Zoom online questionnaire, and it shouldn’t be considered Legal Zoom’s fault that he did that.  I’m not saying it’s anyone’s “fault,” but the fact is, without a good discussion about what estate planning is, what it is not, what is most important to him and what planning is needed to carry out his wishes, how could he have known?!
  2. This is probably second only to the one above.  He had listed several people he wanted to receive varying shares of his estate.  If someone passed away before they received their share, he wanted it to go to their children or, if they had no children, to the others he had listed.  UH OH – that’s not what the trust said.  It said that if any of the folks passed away, it would go to his “heirs” according to Michigan law, many of which were not people on his list and many who would receive much more than he wanted!
  3. There was no HIPAA authorization.  This means that although he wanted a living trust to help keep his affairs out of court during life and after death, someone would have to go through the court process to be appointed as guardian if they needed access to his medical records.  Definitely not what he wanted.
  4. Neither the will nor the trust had a reference to a written list of personal property.  This would have allowed him to say who received what of his personal belongings without him having to change the will/trust each time.  Honestly, I can’t remember reviewing a Michigan estate plan in the past few years that did not have this provision.  I see this as a miss on Legal Zoom’s part.
  5. There were several typos in the documents (for example, the signature section for the trustee had all the trustees names under the signature line written like it was one long name . . . one very long name!).  I don’t know if this was user error or programming error.  Either way, it was a typo.  Have I seen typos before?  Sure, attorneys are humans too and we make mistake sometimes.  However I’ve never seen one that blatant.
  6. Finally, although he had a living trust, it was not “funded.”  That means that the trust didn’t own anything (read my blog post on the topic here).  Ultimately, this meant that although he wanted to avoid the probate court process when he passed away, that would not be the case.  Everything except his life insurance would go through the probate court process before it ended up in the trust and the life insurance would all go to one individual.  See #2 above for why that would be bad.

Please know that the above list is by no means exhaustive.  That is the list of the things that bothered my client the most.  Oh yeah, notice how I changed the phrase to “my client?”  He’s a client now.  He wanted to make sure his estate plan was unique to his family situation and that it would work when needed . . . he didn’t feel the Legal Zoom “estate plan” did that.

I think he summed it up best at the end of the Peace of Mind Planning Session when he said, “wow – well, I guess I just didn’t know what I didn’t know.  I’m glad I had you review it.”

If you have a “do it yourself” estate plan (Legal Zoom or otherwise) and would like the added Peace of Mind of having it reviewed, call us at 616-827-7596.  The review is free and there is no obligation.  Why leave it up to chance?  Give us a call.

Michael Lichterman is an estate planning and business planning attorney who helps families and business owners create a lasting legacy by planning for their Whole Family Wealth™.  This goes beyond merely planning for finances – it’s about who your are and what’s important to you.  He focuses on estate and asset protection planning for  the “experienced” generation, the “sandwich generation” (caring for parents and children), doctors/physicians, nurses, lawyers, dentists, professionals with minor children, family owned businesses and pet planning.  He takes the “counselor” part of attorney and counselor at law very seriously, and enjoys creating life long relationships with his clients – many of which have become great friends.

The Biggest Misconception About Trusts

April 24, 2011 /

Last week I wrote a post about the biggest misconception about wills.  The same recent conversation that I mentioned in that post also reminded me of what I believe is THE biggest misconception about Trusts.  Remember what my friend said?  “So I have my will or trust, so I don’t have to worry about going through probate…”

The Myth: having a trust means that you don’t go through probate.  And the buzzer says “bzzzzt,” wrong.  You may be thinking, “what?!  Mike, you are off your rocker.  That’s why I have a trust . . . to avoid probate!”  Just *having* a trust does not bypass the probate process.  To bypass probate, the trust must be “fully funded.”  “Funding” a trust is the process of changing ownership or beneficiaries of an asset to the trust.  I still have not had a trust come through my office for a review that was fully funded.  Yes, you read that right.  I know they’re out there, but I have yet to have one come in for review!  Not exactly what you thought when you started creating your legacy, huh?  If you’re curious to know more, you can read my blog post on the topic by clicking here.

Michael Lichterman is an estate planning and business planning attorney who helps families and business owners create a lasting legacy by planning for their Whole Family Wealth™.  This goes beyond merely planning for finances – it’s about who your are and what’s important to you.  He focuses on estate and asset protection planning for  the “experienced” generation, the “sandwich generation” (caring for parents and children), doctors/physicians, nurses, lawyers, dentists, professionals with minor children, family owned businesses and pet planning.  He takes the “counselor” part of attorney and counselor at law very seriously, and enjoys creating life long relationships with his clients – many of which have become great friends.

The Downside to Leaving Your Estate to Heirs

November 28, 2010 /

I’m sure you’re wondering, “what are you talking about?  Isn’t it good to leave my estate to my heirs?”  Well . . . not necessarily.  As I mentioned in this earlier post, an “heir” is someone who inherits from you if you do not have a Will or a Trust.  That is, they inherit from you based on what Michigan’s “intestacy laws” say.

Before you assume that is “well and good,” consider these situations:

  • Second marriages – you may be surprised at the amount your children receive (or really what they do not receive).
  • Charitable gifts – if you want to benefit a charity, you better have a Will (or better yet, a Trust), because they are not “heirs.”
  • Special needs child – if receiving governmental assistance is important to their quality of life, too bad, because they are set to get their share outright as an “heir” when they turn 18.
  • A child (or spouse) who is a spendthrift or has substance abuse problems – in these cases one of the worst things you can do is give them a significant sum of money, yet they are entitled to it as an “heir” if you haven’t planned otherwise.

There are many more situations when being an “heir” may not be a good thing.  These are just some of the more common ones I’ve observed.

The great thing is that you can avoid these pitfalls by taking the time to setup an estate plan with a lawyer who focuses in estate planning.  These and many other undesired outcomes can be addressed through careful planning that centers on what is most important to you.  And it can help you leave the family legacy that is important to you.

If you find yourself in any of the situations listed above, call us at 616-827-7596 to schedule a Peace of Mind Planning Session to discover how you can “have your say.”  And if you mention this blog post, we’ll waive the planning session fee ($750 value!).

Michael Lichterman is an estate planning attorney who helps families and business owners create a lasting legacy by planning for their Whole Family Wealth™.  This goes beyond merely planning for finances – it’s about who your are and what’s important to you.  He focuses on planning for  the “experienced” generation, the “sandwich generation” (caring for parents and children), doctors/physicians, nurses, lawyers, dentists, professionals with minor children, and family owned business succession – and he is privileged to do so from a Christian perspective.  He takes the “counselor” part of attorney and counselor at law very seriously, and enjoys creating life long relationships with his clients – many of which have become great friends.

Motley Fool Tries to Explain a Trust

July 25, 2010 /

You know me.  I’m not a fan of folks giving advice in an area about which they’re not qualified.  And as long as people would take it for what it’s worth and seek out the advice of professionals in the area, I’m ok with it.  But many do not.  Many folks hear or read advice from a big name (e.g., Dave Ramsey) and take it as the best advice to follow, rather than just the opinion of someone who is not a professional in the area.

So, what does that have to do with the Motley Fool?  It is exactly what they did in their “Ask the Fool” section in the Sunday, July 25, 2010 business section of the Grand Rapids Press.  First, I want to say that I’m a big fan of the Motley Fool for financial advice.  Much like I’m a fan of Dave Ramsey’s advice for getting out of debt.  However, when they decide to go “off the farm” and delve into an area that is not their expertise, my enthusiasm for their advice quickly wanes.

The question asked in the “Ask the Fool” section was: What’s a trust?  Brevity of the response aside, it mis-stated part of the concept and gave some advice that is far short of ideal.  They stated that a trust is a legal tool whereby someone gives control of property to a person or an institution.  Ok, close enough in my book.  I would say it is a contract/agreement between the creator of the trust and the trustee agreeing that the trustee will hold title/ownership of the assets for the benefit of the beneficiary(ies).  Then they go on to say that the beneficiary owns the property but the trustee controls it.  I beg to differ.  Who the “owner” is depends on the terms of the trust.  Maybe the beneficiaries are the owner, maybe not.  Yet they just make the blanket statement and leave it at that.

Some will say, “Mike, you’re really splitting hairs here.”  Maybe I am, maybe I’m not.  So surely they must have advised the person asking the question to talk to an estate planning attorney, right?  Nope!  Their response was to “learn more from a financial adviser!”  Yep, that’s right.  A financial adviser.  I guess that shouldn’t be a surprise since Motley Fool is known for giving sound financial advice.  Yet here they are (incorrectly) answering a question about a “legal tool” (their words) and then directing folks to a financial adviser rather than an estate planning attorney.  Would they suggest a reader talk to an estate planning attorney about the best long-term investment to get the reader to retirement?  Of course not!

So there you have it.  Again, a well respected person/group highly qualified in one area can’t help but give advice on a topic about which they are not professionals.  And then they direct readers to someone who, although qualified in the financial arena, is also not qualified to give proper advice.

What do you think?  Am I blowing these issues out of proportion?  Should these individuals and institutions be held accountable for the “off the farm” advice they give and the way it could harm the legacy of families?  I would love to hear your thoughts . . . even if it is to tell me I’m “off the farm.”

Michael Lichterman is an attorney specializing in estate planning and helping provide peace of mind to families and businesses throughout Grand Rapids and West Michigan.  He specializes in Whole Family Wealth™ planning for professionals with minor children, doctors/physicians, nurses, lawyers, and the “sandwich generation” (caring for parents and children) – and does so from a Christian perspective.  He takes the “counselor” part of attorney and counselor at law very seriously, and enjoys creating life long relationships with his clients – many of which have become great friends.

Why You Should Care About Estate Planning: Professionals

June 13, 2010 /

Moving along in my Intro to Estate Planning series, we will continue to look at why planning is important for  family of different types and at different life stages.  I started by uncovering the many benefits estate planning holds for parents with children under 18.  If you are a parent with children under 18 years old and still have questions, contact me to have your questions answered.

The next group we’ll look at is more of a “type” of family rather than a stage of life: professionals.  My definition of a “professional” is broad, including doctors, lawyers, certified public accountants (CPAs), accountants, bankers, financial advisers, nurses, teachers, middle- to high-level company managers, CEOs, company Presidents, and other similar positions.  I view this group so broadly because they all share similar concerns, at varying degrees.

Some important reasons proper estate planning is critical for professionals (and their families) include:

  • Guardianship remains one of the most important reasons to estate plan if you have children under 18 years old.  Without designating who you want to raise your children in your absence, a court will decide who will care for them. If you haven’t named guardians for your children, you should run, not walk to an attorney specializing in estate planning (and focusing on guardianship decision).  If you have named guardians, you most likely made at least 1 of 6 common mistakes.  Contact me to learn more!
  • Asset Protection. As a professional with a special skill, you face a greater threat of liability.  You have worked hard to accomplish great things and are building a secure financial future for your family.  Don’t leave it exposed to future divorce, lawsuits and creditors.  And this pertains as much to you as it does to your children and grandchildren (and on down the line).  You can pass your financial wealth on to them protected from divorce, lawsuit and creditors as well.
  • Planning for your incapacity to avoid bitter conflict about your finances and your health care. You need to give people you trust the legal authority, guidance and direction on how to handle your finances and your health care.  Enhanced Powers of Attorney, EnhancedPatient Advocate Designations, and Living Trusts are key components to making sure your wishes are recognized and followed.
  • Avoiding probate.  Without a proper plan in place, your hard earned wealth will go through a time consuming and often costly court process. Wouldn’t you rather your family be able to benefit right away and receive more of what you worked so hard to accomplish?
  • Passing on your “whole family wealth,” not just your money.  This includes your values, insights, stories and experiences – who you are and what is important to you.  In my experience this is THE most overlooked part of estate planning.  The professionals I’ve worked with have accomplished a lot and continue to reach new levels of accomplishment.  Yet in most circumstances they have not taken the time to explain their struggles, how they overcame, and what they learned – these are far more important than money to their kids, grandkids, and future generations.

These are just a few of the reasons professionals need an estate plan.  Can you think of more?  Please share your thoughts and experiences.

With my next post in the series, I will look at the “sandwich generation” – people who have concerns about their parents and their children.

Michael Lichterman is an attorney specializing in estate planning and helping provide peace of mind to families and businesses in Grand Rapids, Grandville, Cascade, Forest Hills, Ada, Byron Center, Caledonia, and the surrounding areas.  He specializes in “whole family wealth” planning for professionals with minor children, doctors, nurses, lawyers, and the “sandwich generation” (caring for parents and children) – and does so from a Christian perspective.  He takes the “counselor” part of attorney and counselor at law very seriously, and enjoys creating life long relationships with his clients – many of which have become great friends.

Make sure you pass on your “whole family wealth,” not just your money.  This includes your values, insights, stories and experiences – who you are and what is important to you.  In my experience this is THE most overlooked part of estate planning.  It happens to be one of the most fulfilling privileges I have when working with families.

Why Should I Care About Estate Planning?

June 3, 2010 /

Having figured out what estate planning “is” in my previous post, let’s move on to why estate planning is important.  Because the topic is so broad, I’m going to break it down and address it based on common life stages.  If you are curious how it applies to YOU, contact me and let’s talk about it.

Let’s start by looking at how critically important estate planning is for parents with kids under 18 years old.  It really doesn’t matter if all or some of your children are under 18.  These important issues apply if any of them is under 18:

  • Establish guardianship for your children under 18 – not doing so will leave their care up to a court to decide.  Someone who doesn’t know you and what’s important to you, your family dynamics, and your desires for your children’s future, will be the one making the decision who will raise them.
  • Establish temporary guardianship for your children – not doing so could leave them in the hands of child protective services or temporary/permanent foster care.
  • Make sure you have a comprehensive protection plan for your children so your babysitter, family, friends and guardians/temporary guardians know what to do if something happens to you and have the legal documentation to prove it.  We include instructions for these important people and even include a family emergency ID card for your wallet/purse.
  • Have your estate structured so your kids don’t succumb to “lottery winner syndrome” when they receive all of their inheritance outright at 18 years old.  Think about that for a second.  Let’s take an example: 2 children and an estate valued at $500,000 (and remember life insurance is included in the amount they receive).   Each child will receive whatever amount of their $250,000 share is not used up by the time they are 18.  Can you imagine?  Let’s say that ends up being $100,000.  How would you have handled $100,000 when you were 18?  I know how I would have handled it and it’s not pretty.  I read one study that said over half of outright inheritances are spent within 3 years of receiving them – no matter how much was received.
  • If you are a professional and subject to potential liability, make sure you structure your plan in a way that ensures your assets are there to benefit your kids and not lost to lawsuits, creditors and other liabilities.
  • Make sure you pass on your “whole family wealth,” not just your money.  This includes your values, insights, stories and experiences – who you are and what is important to you.  In my experience this is THE most overlooked part of estate planning.  It happens to be one of the most fulfilling privileges I have when working with families.
  • Have a health care directive (patient advocate designation) in place for yourself and your children to minimize conflict about your medical care.

These are just a few of the reasons families with kids under 18 need an estate plan.  Can you think of more?  Please share your thoughts and experiences.

With my next post in the series, I will look at why planning is vital for “professionals” – and you may be surprised how many families are in that group.

Michael Lichterman is an attorney specializing in estate planning and helping provide peace of mind to families and businesses in Grand Rapids, Grandville, Cascade, Forest Hills, Ada, Byron Center, Caledonia, and the surrounding areas.  He specializes in “whole family wealth” planning for professionals with minor children, doctors, nurses, lawyers, and the “sandwich generation” (caring for parents and children) – and does so from a Christian perspective.  He takes the “counselor” part of attorney and counselor at law very seriously, and enjoys creating life long relationships with his clients – many of which have become great friends.

Michael Lichterman is an attorney specializing in estate planning and helping provide peace of mind to families and businesses in Grand Rapids, Grandville, Cascade, Forest Hills, Ada, Byron Center, Caledonia, and the surrounding areas.  He specializes in “whole family wealth” planning for professionals with minor children, doctors, nurses, lawyers, and the “sandwich generation” (caring for parents and children) – and does so from a Christian perspective.  He takes the “counselor” part of attorney and counselor at law very seriously, and enjoys creating life long relationships with his clients – many of which have become great friends.

What Is Estate Planning?

May 31, 2010 /

Based on some recent conversations, it has become clear to me that there is much confusion about estate planning.  What is it?  What does it mean?  Why do it?  How to do it?  Why work with an attorney?  And many more questions I hear on a regular basis.  So, I’ll be doing a series of blog posts introducing estate planning and its various components.  I don’t know how many posts it will be.   I’m pulling many of the topics from my day-to-day conversations, so I’ll keep the series going as long as there are questions.  If you have questions, please ask! I’ll make sure to work your questions into this series.

So, the first question – what is estate planning?  Wikipedia defines estate planning as “the process of anticipating and arranging for the disposal of an estate.”  I believe a much better definition is one I heard from a colleague of mine from Wealth Counsel:

“I want to control my property while I’m alive, take care of me and my loved ones if I become disabled, and give what I have, to whom I want, the way I want, and when I want.  Furthermore, if I can, I want to save every last tax dollar, professional fee, and court cost legally possible.”

The one item I always add to that definition is: “to make sure that my children are cared for by who I want, in the way I want.”  Of course, this applies only to parents who have minor and/or disabled children.

So here we have the definition, the starting point.  Within the definition are many more considerations.  To accomplish these goals of estate planning, the following documents are commonly used: wills, trusts, general durable power of attorney, and health care powers of attorney/patient advocate designation.  And if you work with a comprehensive Grand Rapids estate planning attorney, there are additional considerations and documents meant to help you pass on your “whole family wealth” – not just what you own, but who you are and what’s important to you!  Because if you think about it, the money and the “stuff” will still be around when you pass away, but it is who you are as a person that will be lost – your values, insights, stories and experiences.  Check back for the next installment in this series to discover some additional considerations that are vital to having a great estate plan for your family.

Michael Lichterman is a dedicated estate planning attorney helping provide peace of mind to families and businesses in Grand Rapids, Grandville, Cascade, Forest Hills, Ada, Byron Center, Caledonia, and the surrounding areas.  He specializes in the needs of professionals with minor children, doctors, nurses, and those in the “sandwich generation” (caring for parents and children), and does so from a Christian perspective.  He takes the “counselor” part of attorney and counselor at law very seriously, and enjoys creating life long relationships with his clients – many of which have become great friends.

Traveling Without an Estate Plan – Why Leaving the Stove On Is the Least of Your Worries

May 25, 2010 /

Yep, it’s that time of year again . . . traveling season.  Memorial Day weekend is coming up, the kids will soon be out of school, and the summer travel season will be in full force.  No matter how well we plan, we always seem to forget something before leaving on vacation – or at least think we forgot something.  What about you?  Have you every worried that you left the stove on, forgot to put the garage door down (I always forget that one!), or didn’t lock the door to the house?  I’m sure you have.  Those are some of the common worries.  So let me ask, have you ever worried about what would happen to your children if something happened to you?

Most parents haven’t thought about this, or at least never did anything to take care of it.  Did you know that only about 1/3 of parents have named guardians for their children . . . ONLY 1/3?!  And yet we consider them to be the most precious gift and most important part of our lives (and they are!).  I encourage you to take it upon yourself to put an estate plan in place to make sure your kids are cared for by who YOU want in the way YOU want . . . BEFORE you go on vacation.

I frequently get calls to the office from parents who realize at the last minute that they need a plan in place – sometimes literally a day or two before leaving!  Sadly, it’s often too late to put something in place that is even somewhat thought-out before they leave.  It may go without saying – procrastination is the number one reason I see for families not having the needed legal documentation in place.  I can’t count how many times I’ve counseled caring parents through making these important decisions, and hear “yeah, we’ve been thinking about it for years, but have always put off the step of doing something about it.”

Here are three critically important items to have in place before vacation:

  • Name guardians for your children and make sure it is legally documented – don’t let the court system decide who will care for your children.  Make sure you plan for the long-term AND the short-term.
  • Have a power of attorney for health care and patient advocate designation in place so your family isn’t caught in a bitter conflict over your medical care
  • Have your finances in order so they aren’t lost to taxes or a lengthy court process

Make sure to take these important steps before YOU go on vacation.  And make sure to work with an attorney that specializes/focuses on estate planning for families. If you have questions – ask!  Give me a call, email me, or comment on this post so you can have your questions answered and have some added peace of mind before your next trip.

The Cheap, Online Will – A Real Life Example

May 11, 2010 /

Ok, you just have to read this post from Gregory Luce.  He is in the process of evaluating the differences between an online will and one drafted by an estate planning attorney.  He gives a very fair, well-reasoned analysis of the document and “extras” along with it – the positives and the negatives.  As can be expected, there are flaws in the document.  I encourage you to read the comments at the bottom of the post as they point out many areas of concern.  Some of the items could cause the “effect” of the will to be drastically different than what Mr. Luce intended.

Of course I made sure to add my $.02, which centered on the wholly inadequate guardianship provisions.  I regularly refer to 6 common mistakes that parents make when naming guardians for their children and most, if not all, of them show up in this situation.

Read the post, read the comments, and then let me know what you think.  Sure, it may be less in the short run to do the cheap online will and have the misplaced peace of mind it provides.  But at what cost?  Disinheriting a child?  Having someone challenge it and win?  Having someone taking care of your children who you would never choose . . . or not in the order you would choose?  I look forward to your comments!

Make Your Heirs Rich, Not Your Lawyer

May 7, 2010 /

Say what?  Yes, you read that right.  It is the title of an article I read at the Motley Fool (read it by clicking here).  The main focus of the article is how you want to be remembered after you are gone and how your estate planning (0r lack thereof) can greatly influence your legacy.  They put quite an emphasis on wills, which is interesting because many of the more complex situations the article talks about are far better handled through a trust.  And in some of the examples, a will is almost completely inadequate.  I would also suggest that you review your plan every 3 years, at a minimum, rather than the 5 suggested by the article.  Think back three years and ask yourself how much the law, your life, and what you own has changed.  Those items change on a regular basis – so should your plan.

I’m happy to see them mention estate planning in the context of disability planning.  This is often overlooked . . . sadly, even by some lawyers.  Estate planning is not just “death planning.”   It is more than that . . . it is ensuring that the right decisions are made on your behalf if you are unable to make them yourself due to incapacity or disability.

What do you think about the article and the issues raised by it?  Please feel free to share – I enjoy reading and responding to the comments and emails.

Be Careful Who You Pick As A Trustee

May 4, 2010 /

Although statistics show that the number of people who have an estate plan is not increasing, I do see a larger portion of individuals and couples making the decision to have a trust-based estate plan.  That is, an estate plan where a trust is the main document that controls how things are distributed when they pass away.  One of, if not the, most important decisions you make with a trust-based plan is who will be the trustee and who will be the backup (“successor”) trustees.  The trustee is the person/people/entity that makes sure the terms of the trust are followed.  Depending on the trust’s design, the trustee may have a large amount of discretion on who receives money/property from the trust, how they receive it, and when they receive it.  Yet, in many cases, the decision on who will be the trustees/successor trusties is made hastily, without much thought.

This can be a big mistake!  If you have done your planning correctly and fully “funded” your trust (e.g., transferred assets to it), your trust will have most (if not all) of your assets.  Considering that the trustee will make certain decisions relating to the trust, the choice should not be taken lightly.  The trustee should be someone you trust (no pun intended . . . ok, yes, the pun was intended).  However, don’t stop the inquiry there.  It should also be someone who has sufficient financial management and administrative ability (or is wise enough to hire professionals to handle those tasks for them).  And consider the option of splitting the trustee role  among one or more people/entities.  For example, you could have a “distribution trustee” who determines when to make distributions, and an “administrative trustee” who keeps track of all the accounting, tax, and other detailed financial matters.

I recently had a conversation with a great client.  She shared with me that her father had a trust set up and properly “funded” (I say bravo to him, because not “funding” the trust is the single biggest mistake I see when reviewing estate plans).  He named a local bank as the trustee for distribution and administrative purposes.  He set out several scenarios in his trust about how he wanted to provide for his children (education, businesses, homes, etc.).   One of the main assets in the trust was stock in a certain company.  Long story short, the stock dropped significantly in value and the trustee (the bank) would not sell it.  It believed the stock would come back and that to sell it at the depressed price would violate the bank’s duty as trustee.  This all happened about the time this client was supposed to be getting a distribution to help with education.  She never did get the distribution for education (or much else for that matter).  The good part is that she did a great job on her own and is quite successful today.

I’m not saying you shouldn’t consider a bank or trust company as a trustee, I give the example to show how important it is to fully consider the various options for who the trustee is.  Each situation is different.  That is why you need to make sure your estate planning attorney takes a client-centered relationship approach to your planning . . . not a transactional approach.